Another mode of infection is through inhaling infectious respiratory droplets after close contact with humans or animals with pneumonic plague. People can also get infected through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or tissues whist handling a sick or dead animal that was infected with plague. The most common route of infection for humans is through the bite by a rat flea infected with the disease. An outbreak of plague is currently underway in Madagascar over and above the usual seasonal increase in cases. Plague is still present in parts of Africa, the Americas and Asia, and is considered a re-emerging disease with 1,000 to 5,000 human cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) each year. Plague is found mainly in rodents, and is spread by fleas from rodent to rodent, as well as from rodents to other animals (including dogs) and humans, or accidentally from fleas to humans. Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response.Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis.Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses.Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases.COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Cases Frequently Asked Questions.
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